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Deep Metal Detector Circuit Explanation

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Deep Metal Detector Circuit Explanation

Circuit Components and Their Functions


 

1- Power Supply (9V)

    • The circuit is powered by a 9V battery (as indicated in the diagram with the positive and negative terminals).
    • Resistors are used to protect the circuit and regulate voltage distribution among different components.

2- Coils (Coil 1 & Coil 2)

    • Coil 1 serves as the main coil, which is connected to the ground and responsible for transmitting the frequency.
    • Coil 2 is located inside the control box and functions as the receiving coil that detects reflected signals from buried metals.

3- Transistors and Signal Mixing

    • The transistors in the first section of the circuit generate oscillations and send them to the coils.
    • Once the signals are received, the frequency of Coil 1 is mixed with the frequency of Coil 2 at the mixing transistor (as labeled in the diagram). This mixing process helps detect changes in frequency when passing over a buried metal object.

4- Signal Amplification

    • The resulting mixed signal is amplified using the last transistor, which is responsible for enhancing the audio signal, making it audible through the headphones.
    • The amplification process is supported by 39k resistors and 104 capacitors, which help improve signal clarity.

How the Circuit Works

    1. The circuit is powered by a 9V battery.
    2. The transistors generate oscillations and send them to Coil 1.
    3. As Coil 1 moves over the ground, it creates a magnetic field.
    4. If a metal object is present, it disrupts the magnetic field, altering the oscillations received by Coil 2.
    5. The signals are sent to the mixing stage, where frequency differences are compared.
    6. The final output signal is amplified, making it audible through the headphones.

Advantages of This Circuit

✔️ Detects metals at depths exceeding 2 meters, thanks to the frequency mixing and amplification technique.

✔️ Simple yet effective design, utilizing a small number of components while delivering excellent results.

✔️ Adjustable sensitivity, allowing modifications to components such as the 2.2M resistor or 104 capacitors to improve detection performance.

✔️ Easy to build and modify, with the possibility of adding a small screen to display readings digitally.

 


This circuit is an excellent choice for those looking to build a simple yet powerful metal detector. By utilizing frequency oscillation and signal mixing, it effectively detects metals and achieves impressive depth. Further improvements can be made by adding stronger amplification stages or optimizing the coil design for better sensitivity.

Would you like any modifications or additional details? 😊


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